Orthopaedics and Trauma
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Pages 61-68 , February 2009

The diabetic foot and ankle

References 

  1. Sue Roberts (National Director for Diabetes) . Working together for better diabetes care, clinical case for change. Department of Health; 16 May 2007;p. 1–16
  2. Brower AC, Allman RM. The neuropathic joint: a neurovascular bone disorder. Radiol Clin North Am. 1981;19(4):571–580
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  4. Pham H, Armstrong DG, Harvey C, Harkless LB, Giurini JM, Veves A. Screening techniques to identify people at high risk for diabetic foot ulceration: a prospective multicenter trial. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(5):606–611
  5. National Diabetes Support Team . Diabetic foot guide. NHS Clinical Governance Support Team; 2006;p. 1–12
  6. Brodsky JW. The diabetic foot. In:  Coughlin MJ,  Mann RA editor. Surgery of the foot and ankle. Mosby; 1999;p. 895–969
  7. Trepman E, Pinzur MS, Shields NN. Application of the total contact cast. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26(1):108–112
  8. Myerson M, Papa J, Eaton K, Wilson K. The total-contact cast for management of neuropathic plantar ulceration of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74(2):261–269
  9. Edwards J. Debridement of diabetic foot ulcers. Issue 4. Art. No.: CD003556 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;
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  12. Eichenholtz Sidney N. Charcot joints. Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas; 1966;
  13. McCormack RG, Leith JM. Ankle fractures in diabetics. Complications of surgical management. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998;80(4):689–692
  14. Jones KB, Maiers-Yelden KA, Marsh JL, Zimmerman MB, Estin M, Saltzman CL. Ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(4):489–495
  15. Costigan W, Thordarson DB, Debnath UK. Operative management of ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28(1):32–37
  16. Flynn JM, Rodriguez-del RF, Piza PA. Closed ankle fractures in the diabetic patient. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(4):311–319
  17. Holmes GB, Hill N. Fractures and dislocations of the foot and ankle in diabetics associated with Charcot joint changes. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15(4):182–185
  18. Schon LC, Easley ME, Weinfeld SB. Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;349:116–131
  19. Levin ME, Boisseau VC, Avioli LV. Effects of diabetes mellitus on bone mass in juvenile and adult-onset diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1976;294(5):241–245
  20. Krakauer JC, McKenna MJ, Buderer NF, Rao DS, Whitehouse FW, Parfitt AM. Bone loss and bone turnover in diabetes. Diabetes. 1995;44(7):775–782
  21. Marks RM. Complications of foot and ankle surgery in patients with diabetes. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;391:153–161
  22. Holmberg AH, Nilsson PM, Nilsson JA, Akesson K. The association between hyperglycemia and fracture risk in middle age. A Prospective, Population-Based Study of 22,444 men and 10,902 women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(3):815–822

PII: S1877-1327(08)00197-8

doi: 10.1016/j.mporth.2008.12.002

Orthopaedics and Trauma
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Pages 61-68 , February 2009

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