Orthopaedics and Trauma
Volume 23, Issue 2 , Pages 88-100 , April 2009

(ii) Diagnostic plain film radiology of the failing hip replacement

References 

  1. National Joint Registry StatsOnline . Summary of annual statistics (England and Wales). www.njrcentre.org.uk/Last accessed 15th January 2009
  2. Harris WH, McCarthy JCJ, O’Neill DA. Femoral component loosening using contemporary techniques of femoral cement fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:1063–1067
  3. Temmerman OP, Raijmakers PG, David EF, et al. A comparison of radiographic and scintigraphic techniques to assess aseptic loosening of the acetabular component in a total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A:2456–2463
  4. Madey SM, Callaghan JJ, Olejniczak JP, Goetz DD, Johnston RC. Charnley total hip arthroplasty with use of improved techniques of cementing. The results after a minimum of fifteen years of follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79:53–64
  5. Massin P, Geais L, Astoin E, Simondi M, Lavaste F. The anatomic basis for the concept of lateralized femoral stems: a frontal plane radiographic study of the proximal femur. J Arthroplasty. 2000;15:93–101
  6. Cain TM, Fon GT, Brumby S, Howie DW. Plain film and arthrographic findings in painful total hip arthroplasties with surgical correlation. Australas Radiol. 1990;34:211–218
  7. Thomas A, Epstein NJ, Stevens K, Goodman SB. Utility of judet oblique x-rays in preoperative assessment of acetabular periprosthetic osteolysis: a preliminary study. Am J Orthop. 2007;36:107–110
  8. Niskanen RO. Early repetitive radiography is unnecessary after an uncomplicated cemented hip or knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. Acta Orthop Belg. 2005;71:692–695
  9. Qureshi AA, Virdi AS, Didonna ML, et al. Implant design affects markers of bone resorption and formation in total hip replacement. J Bone Miner Res. 2002;17:800–807
  10. Schmidt R, Muller L, Kress A, Hirschfelder H, Aplas A, Pitto RP. A computed tomography assessment of femoral and acetabular bone changes after total hip arthroplasty. Int Orthop. 2002;26:299–302
  11. Tigges S, Stiles RG, Roberson JR. Complications of hip arthroplasty causing periprosthetic radiolucency on plain radiographs. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;162:1387–1391
  12. Engh CAJ, Young AM, Engh CAS, Hopper RHJ. Clinical consequences of stress shielding after porous-coated total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;417:157–163
  13. Karachalios T, Tsatsaronis C, Efraimis G, Papadelis P, Lyritis G, Diakoumopoulos G. The long-term clinical relevance of calcar atrophy caused by stress shielding in total hip arthroplasty: a 10-year, prospective, randomized study. J Arthroplasty. 2004;19:469–475
  14. Engh CAJ, McAuley JP, Sychterz CJ, Sacco ME, Engh CAS. The accuracy and reproducibility of radiographic assessment of stress-shielding. A postmortem analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82-A:1414–1420
  15. Schmidt R, Pitto RP, Kress A, et al. Inter- and intraobserver assessment of periacetabular osteodensitometry after cemented and uncemented total hip arthroplasty using computed tomography. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2005;125:291–297
  16. Hing CB, Young DA, Dalziel RE, Bailey M, Back DL, Shimmin AJ. Narrowing of the neck in resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip: a radiological study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89:1019–1024
  17. Bauer TW, Schils J. The pathology of total joint arthroplasty.II. Mechanisms of implant failure. Skeletal Radiol. 1999;28:483–497
  18. Aspenberg P, van der Vis H. Fluid pressure may cause periprosthetic osteolysis. Particles are not the only thing. Acta Orthop Scand. 1998;69:1–4
  19. Claus AM, Sychterz CJ, Hopper RHJ, Engh CA. Pattern of osteolysis around two different cementless metal-backed cups: retrospective, radiographic analysis at minimum 10-year follow-up. J Arthroplasty. 2001;16:177–182
  20. Hodgkinson JP, Shelley P, Wroblewski BM. The correlation between the roentgenographic appearance and operative findings at the bone-cement junction of the socket in Charnley low friction arthroplasties. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;228:105–109
  21. Iwaki H, Scott G, Freeman MA. The natural history and significance of radiolucent lines at a cemented femoral interface. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84:550–555
  22. Bowerman JW, Sena JM, Chang R. The teardrop shadow of the pelvis; anatomy and clinical significance. Radiology. 1982;143:659–662
  23. Masri BA, Masterson EL, Duncan CP. The classification and radiographic evaluation of bone loss in revision hip arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am. 1998;29:219–227
  24. Walde TA, Mohan V, Leung S, Engh CAS. Sensitivity and specificity of plain radiographs for detection of medial-wall perforation secondary to osteolysis. J Arthroplasty. 2005;20:20–24
  25. Stauffer RN. Ten-year follow-up study of total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:983–990
  26. Harris WH. Wear and periprosthetic osteolysis: the problem. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;66–70
  27. Chiang PP, Burke DW, Freiberg AA, Rubash HE. Osteolysis of the pelvis: evaluation and treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;164–174
  28. Claus AM, Engh CAJ, Sychterz CJ, Xenos JS, Orishimo KF, Engh CAS. Radiographic definition of pelvic osteolysis following total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85-A:1519–1526
  29. Engh CAJ, Sychterz CJ, Young AM, Pollock DC, SD T, Engh CAS. Interobserver. J Arthroplasty. 2002;17:752–759
  30. Berry DJ, Lewallen DG, Hanssen AD, Cabanela ME. Pelvic discontinuity in revision total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81:1692–1702
  31. Cuckler JM, Star AM, Alavi A, Noto RB. Diagnosis and management of the infected total joint arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am. 1991;22:523–530
  32. Schmalzried TP. The infected hip: telltale signs and treatment options. J Arthroplasty. 2006;21:97–100
  33. Seelen JL, Bruijn JD, Hansen BE, Kingma LM, Bloem JL. Reproducible radiographs of acetabular prostheses. A method assessed in 35 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 1994;65:258–262
  34. O’Neill DA, Harris WH. Failed total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:540–546
  35. Mjoberg B, Selvik G, Hansson LI, Rosenqvist R, Onnerfalt R. Mechanical loosening of total hip prostheses. A radiographic and roentgen stereophotogrammetric study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1986;68:770–774
  36. Morscher EW. Current status of acetabular fixation in primary total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;172–193
  37. Gruen TA, McNeice GM, Amstutz HC. Modes of failure” of cemented stem-type femoral components: a radiographic analysis of loosening. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;17–27
  38. Mjoberg B, Brismar J, Hansson LI, Pettersson H, Selvik G, Onnerfalt R. Definition of endoprosthetic loosening. Comparison of arthrography, scintigraphy and roentgen stereophotogrammetry in prosthetic hips. Acta Orthop Scand. 1985;56:469–473
  39. Alfaro-Adrian J, Gill HS, Murray DW. Cement migration after THR. A comparison of charnley elite and exeter femoral stems using RSA. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81:130–134
  40. Kiss J, Murray DW, Turner-Smith AR, Bithell J, Bulstrode CJ. Migration of cemented femoral components after THR. Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996;78:796–801
  41. Mulroy RDJ, Harris WH. The effect of improved cementing techniques on component loosening in total hip replacement. An 11-year radiographic review. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990;72:757–760
  42. DeLee JG, Charnley J. Radiological demarcation of cemented sockets in total hip replacement. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1976;20–32
  43. Eftekhar NS, Nercessian O. Incidence and mechanism of failure of cemented acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am. 1988;19:557–566
  44. Murray DW. The definition and measurement of acetabular orientation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993;75:228–232
  45. Herrlin K, Pettersson H, Selvik G. Comparison of two- and three-dimensional methods for assessment of orientation of the total hip prosthesis. Acta Radiol. 1988;29:357–361
  46. Hirakawa K, Mitsugi N, Koshino T, Saito T, Hirasawa Y, Kubo T. Effect of acetabular cup position and orientation in cemented total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;135–142
  47. Massin P, Schmidt L, Engh CA. Evaluation of cementless acetabular component migration. An experimental study. J Arthroplasty. 1989;4:245–251
  48. Rittmeister M, Callitsis C. Factors influencing cup orientation in 500 consecutive total hip replacements. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;445:192–196
  49. Thoren B, Sahlstedt B. Influence of pelvic position on radiographic measurements of the prosthetic acetabular component. An experimental study on a pelvic model. Acta Radiol. 1990;31:133–136
  50. Anda S, Svenningsen S, Grontvedt T, Benum P. Pelvic inclination and spatial orientation of the acetabulum. A radiographic, computed tomographic and clinical investigation. Acta Radiol. 1990;31:389–394
  51. Kalteis T, Handel M, Herold T, Perlick L, Paetzel C, Grifka J. Position of the acetabular cup – accuracy of radiographic calculation compared to CT-based measurement. Eur J Radiol. 2006;58:294–300
  52. Olivecrona H, Weidenhielm L, Olivecrona L, et al. A new CT method for measuring cup orientation after total hip arthroplasty: a study of 10 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 2004;75:252–260
  53. Kramhoft M, Gehrchen PM, Bodtker S, Wagner A, Jensen F. Inter- and intraobserver study of radiographic assessment of cemented total hip arthroplasties. J Arthroplasty. 1996;11:272–276
  54. Del Schutte HJ, Lipman AJ, Bannar SM, Livermore JT, Ilstrup D, Morrey BF. Effects of acetabular abduction on cup wear rates in total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1998;13:621–626
  55. Onsten I, Bengner U, Besjakov J. Socket migration after Charnley arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. A roentgen stereophotogrammetric study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993;75:677–680
  56. McBride MT, Muldoon MP, Santore RF, Trousdale RT, Wenger DR. Protrusio acetabuli: diagnosis and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2001;9:79–88
  57. Morley DCJ, Schmidt RH. Protrusio acetabuli prosthetica. Orthop Rev. 1986;15:135–141
  58. Gates HSr, Poletti SC, Callaghan JJ, McCollum DE. Radiographic measurements in protrusio acetabuli. J Arthroplasty. 1989;4:347–351
  59. Effenbger H, Heiland A, Ramsauer T, Plitz W, Dorn U. A model for assessing the rotational stability of uncemented femoral implants. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2001;121:60–64
  60. Barrack RL, Mulroy RDJ, Harris WH. Improved cementing techniques and femoral component loosening in young patients with hip arthroplasty. A 12-year radiographic review. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992;74:385–389
  61. Chambers IR, Fender D, McCaskie AW, Reeves BC, Gregg PJ. Radiological features predictive of aseptic loosening in cemented Charnley femoral stems. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83:838–842
  62. Yates PJ, Burston BJ, Whitley E, Bannister GC. Collarless polished tapered stem: clinical and radiological results at a minimum of ten years’ follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90:16–22
  63. Brooker AF, Bowerman JW, Robinson RA, Riley LHJ. Ectopic ossification following total hip replacement. Incidence and a method of classification. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1973;55:1629–1632
  64. Nayak KN, Mulliken B, Rorabeck CH, Bourne RB, Woolfrey MR. Prevalence of heterotopic ossification in cemented versus noncemented total hip joint replacement in patients with osteoarthrosis: a randomized clinical trial. Can J Surg. 1997;40:368–374
  65. Harwin SF. Trochanteric heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty performed using a direct lateral approach. J Arthroplasty. 2005;20:467–472
  66. Purtill JJ, Eng K, Rothman RH, Hozack WJ. Heterotopic ossification. Incidence in cemented versus cementless total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1996;11:58–63
  67. Rama KR, Vendittoli PA, Ganapathi M, Borgmann R, Roy A, Lavigne M. Incidence and Severity of Heterotopic Ossification After Surface Replacement Arthroplasty and Total Hip Arthroplasty A Randomized Study. J Arthroplasty. 2008;
  68. Pohl F, Seufert J, Tauscher A, et al. The influence of heterotopic ossification on functional status of hip joint following total hip arthroplasty. Strahlenther Onkol. 2005;181:529–533
  69. Della VAG, Ruzo PS, Pavone V, Tolo E, Mintz DN, Salvati EA. Heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty: a critical analysis of the Brooker classification and proposal of a simplified rating system. J Arthroplasty. 2002;17:870–875
  70. Wright JG, Moran E, Bogoch E. Reliability and validity of the grading of heterotopic ossification. J Arthroplasty. 1994;9:549–553
  71. Toom A, Fischer K, Martson A, Rips L, Haviko T. Inter-observer reliability in the assessment of heterotopic ossification: proposal of a combined classification. Int Orthop. 2005;29:156–159
  72. Khan RJ, Wimhurst J, Foroughi S, Toms A. The Natural History of Metallosis From Catastrophic Failure of a Polyethylene Liner in a Total Hip. J Arthroplasty. 2008;
  73. Adolphson P. Femoral cortical remodeling after uncemented total hip arthroplasty. A prospective radiologic study of 26 hips followed for 2 to 4 years. J Arthroplasty. 1997;12:99–105
  74. Bergh MS, Muir P, Markel MD, Manley PA. Femoral bone adaptation to unstable long-term cemented total hip arthroplasty in dogs. Vet Surg. 2004;33:238–245
  75. Manaster BJ. From the RSNA refresher courses. Total hip arthroplasty: radiographic evaluation. Radiographics. 1996;16:645–660
  76. Harris WH. Will stress shielding limit the longevity of cemented femoral components of total hip replacement?. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;120–123
  77. Nelissen RG, Bauer TW, Weidenhielm LR, LeGolvan DP, Mikhail WE. Revision hip arthroplasty with the use of cement and impaction grafting. Histological analysis of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:412–422
  78. Lindahl H. Epidemiology of periprosthetic femur fracture around a total hip arthroplasty. Injury. 2007;38:651–654
  79. Lindahl H, Malchau H, Herberts P, Garellick G. Periprosthetic femoral fractures classification and demographics of 1049 periprosthetic femoral fractures from the Swedish National Hip Arthroplasty Register. J Arthroplasty. 2005;20:857–865
  80. Farfalli GL, Buttaro MA, Piccaluga F. Femoral fractures in revision hip surgeries with impacted bone allograft. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007;462:130–136
  81. Cook RE, Jenkins PJ, Walmsley PJ, Patton JT, Robinson CM. Risk factors for periprosthetic fractures of the hip: a survivorship analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466:1652–1656
  82. Ornstein E, Atroshi I, Franzen H, Johnsson R, Sandquist P, Sundberg M. Early complications after one hundred and forty-four consecutive hip revisions with impacted morselized allograft bone and cement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A:1323–1328
  83. Hsieh PH, Chang YH, Lee PC, Shih CH. Periprosthetic fractures of the greater trochanter through osteolytic cysts with uncemented MicroStructured Omnifit prosthesis: retrospective analyses pf 23 fractures in 887 hips after 5-14 years. Acta Orthop. 2005;76:538–543
  84. Wilson LF, Nolan JF, Heywood-Waddington MB. Fracture of the femoral stem of the Ring TCH hip prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992;74:725–728

PII: S1877-1327(09)00021-9

doi: 10.1016/j.mporth.2009.02.003

Orthopaedics and Trauma
Volume 23, Issue 2 , Pages 88-100 , April 2009