Orthopaedics and Trauma
Volume 24, Issue 1 , Pages 29-41 , February 2010

(iv) The response of children to trauma

References 

  1. Pearson J, Stone DH. Pattern of injury mortality by age-group in children aged 0–14 years in Scotland, 2002–2006, and its implications for prevention. BMC Pediatr. 2009;9:26
  2. Guyer B, Gallagher SS. An approach to the epidemiology of childhood injuries. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1985;32:5–15
  3. Spady DW, Saunders DL, Schopflocher DP, Svenson LW. Patterns of injury in children: a population-based approach. Pediatrics. 2004;113:522–529
  4. Danseco ER, Miller TR, Spicer RS. Incidence and costs of 1987–1994 childhood injuries: demographic breakdowns. Pediatrics. 2000;105:E27
  5. Wilkins K. The incidence of fractures in children. In:  Rockwood C,  Wilkins K,  Beaty J editor. Fractures in children. 4th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996;p. 3–17
  6. Chambers RB. Orthopaedic injuries in athletes (ages 6 to 17). Comparison of injuries occurring in six sports. Am J Sports Med. 1979;7:195–197
  7. Purcell L, Philpott J. Trampolines at home and playgrounds: a joint statement with the Canadian paediatric society. Clin J Sport Med. 2007;17:389–392
  8. Herring J. General principles of managing orthopaedic injuries. In:  Herring J editors. 4th edn. Tachdjian's pediatric orthopaedics. Vol. 3:Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2008;p. 2335–2389
  9. Rennie L, Court-Brown CM, Mok JY, Beattie TF. The epidemiology of fractures in children. Injury. 2007;38:913–922
  10. Banerjee S, Barry MJ, Paterson JM. Paediatric pelvic fractures: 10 years experience in a trauma centre. Injury. 2009;40:410–413
  11. Silber JS, Flynn JM, Koffler KM, Dormans JP, Drummond DS. Analysis of the cause, classification, and associated injuries of 166 consecutive pediatric pelvic fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001;21:446–450
  12. Leonard M, Sproule J, McCormack D. Paediatric spinal trauma and associated injuries. Injury. 2007;38:188–193
  13. Martin BW, Dykes E, Lecky FE. Patterns and risks in spinal trauma. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:860–865
  14. Bilston LE, Brown J. Pediatric spinal injury type and severity are age and mechanism dependent. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32:2339–2347
  15. Ogden J, Ganey T, Ogden D. The biological aspects of children's fractures. In:  Rockwood C,  Wilkins K,  Beaty J editor. Fractures in children. 4th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996;p. 19–52
  16. Salter R, Harris W. Injuries involving the epiphyseal plate. J Bone Joint Surg. 1963;45:587–622
  17. Dale G, Harris W. Prognosis of epiphyseal separation: an experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg. 1958;40:116
  18. Meyer PG. Paediatric trauma and resuscitation. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 1998;11:285–288
  19. Randolph LC, Takacs M, Davis KA. Resuscitation in the pediatric trauma population: admission base deficit remains an important prognostic indicator. J Trauma. 2002;53:838–842
  20. Fairgrieve R, Lerman J. Anaesthetic care of the injured child. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2000;13:141–145
  21. Tolo V. Management of the multiply injured child. In:  Beatty JH,  Kasser JR editor. Fractures in children. 4th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996;p. 83–85
  22. BPNA. Child's Glasgow Coma Scale. 2001. http://www.bpna.org.uk/audit/GCS.PDF.
  23. Keller MS, Coln CE, Trimble JA, Green MC, Weber TR. The utility of routine trauma laboratories in pediatric trauma resuscitations. Am J Surg. 2004;188:671–678
  24. Skaggs DL, Friend L, Alman B, et al. The effect of surgical delay on acute infection following 554 open fractures in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:8–12
  25. Wilkins J, Patzakis M. Choice and duration of antibiotics in open fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 1991;22:433–437
  26. Stewart DG, Kay RM, Skaggs DL. Open fractures in children. Principles of evaluation and management. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:2784–2798
  27. Willis CD, Gabbe BJ, Butt W, Cameron PA. Assessing outcomes in paediatric trauma populations. Injury. 2006;37:1185–1196
  28. Winthrop AL, Brasel KJ, Stahovic L, Paulson J, Schneeberger B, Kuhn EM. Quality of life and functional outcome after pediatric trauma. J Trauma. 2005;58:468–473discussion 73–4
  29. Aitken ME, Jaffe KM, DiScala C, Rivara FP. Functional outcome in children with multiple trauma without significant head injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:889–895
  30. Basson MD, Guinn JE, McElligott J, Vitale R, Brown W, Fielding LP. Behavioral disturbances in children after trauma. J Trauma. 1991;31:1363–1368
  31. Dealy M, Warman J. Psychological aspects of the injured child. In:  Rockwood C,  Wilkins K,  Beaty J editor. Fractures in children. 4th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996;p. 97–101
  32. Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:453–458
  33. Gustilo RB, Mendoza RM, Williams DN. Problems in the management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures. J Trauma. 1984;24:742–746

PII: S1877-1327(09)00192-4

doi: 10.1016/j.mporth.2009.11.003

Orthopaedics and Trauma
Volume 24, Issue 1 , Pages 29-41 , February 2010